Greg Slepak posted a link to a paper called the DCS Theorem. It’s a probability proof of the DCS Triangle showing that decentralized consensus systems can have Decentralization, Consensus, or Scale, but not all three simultaneously.

He said on bitcoin-dev said:

The DCS Triangle was independently discovered by myself and Trent McConaghy.

It is a useful tool for clearing confusion about blockchain scalability and blocksize-related debates.

The DCS Theorem is a probability proof of the triangle, and it’s now on arXiv:

https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04335